Things that go bump in the night: searching for therapeutic targets and underlying mechanisms of night-time calf cramps

Methods 160 adults were recruited the Greater Newcastle and Central Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia: 80 who experienced night-time calf cramp at least once per week and 80 ageand sex-matched adults who did not. Participants were assessed using reliable tests of foot/ankle and toe strength, range of ankle dorsiflexion, hamstring flexibility, foot alignment, calf circumference, peripheral circulation and sensation. Participants also completed a bespoke survey examining health and lifestyle factors, diet, exercise, lower limb symptoms, sleeping habits and footwear characteristics.